Side effects of medications

Drug reactions are extremely common. In fact, 15-30% of all hospital patients experience an involuntary reaction caused by drugs. However, true allergic reactions to drugs occur in only about 1 in 10 of all adverse reactions.

Classification of drug reaction

Before we can discuss major current allergy medication, we must consider the response to drugs in one of two categories:

- Reactionsare common and predictable in an individual. This will likely include medication side effects, interactions between the two drugs the person takes, and the reactions to medication use too much (overdose). This group represents the majority of all drug reactions.

- Comments that are unpredictable, and occur only in certain people. These reactions include unexpected side effects, drug intolerance, allergic reactions and othernon-allergic immune reactions.

Allergy to common drugs

People allergic to almost all drugs, although some are more common than others. Here is a list of drugs most common allergies (or sensitization, in some cases):

1. Penicillin (and all related antibiotics). About 1 in every 10 persons reported a history of an "allergic reaction" penicillin. It seems that less than 10% of those who thinkThey are actually allergic to penicillin. However, people with a true allergy to penicillin can be life-threatening anaphylaxis caused, it is important for the drug tell your doctor about your reaction to the past. Skin tests for penicillin may help determine whether the effect was a true history of allergic reaction or other side.

2. Cephalosporins (antibiotics and all related). Severe reactions to cephalosporins are much less common than with penicillins.However, there is a small chance that someone with a true allergy to penicillin may also react to cephalosporins such as drugs. An allergist can help if these antibiotics are safe for you to decide.

3. Sulfa drugs (including antibiotics, oral anti-diabetic drugs and diuretics water pill). It is unclear whether these reactions are truly allergic or because of other immunological processes. There is no reliable test available to determine a person isallergic to this drug class.

4. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen. This class of drugs can cause flares of allergic and nonallergic hives / swelling, worsening asthma, and result in anaphylaxis. There is no reliable test available to more people with reactions to these drugs.

5. IV contrast. This reaction is not allergic, but can cause anaphylaxis because the high concentration of the dye causes treecells because of their content, which plays a version of allergy. Although no test available for the reaction of IV contrast, most patients can safely take the dye taking oral steroids and antihistamine hours before the contrast is given. The contrast is usually given in a less concentrated in these patients. Let your doctor if he had a reaction to IV contrast prior to receipt of the time.

6. local anesthetics. True allergic reactions to local anesthetics(Novocaine, Lidocaine) are extremely rare and usually due to other ingredients in the medicine, such as preservatives or epinephrine (present in local anesthetic to make the medication last longer, when injected). An allergist can run tests to different local anesthetics and find one that works for almost everyone.

7. General anesthesia. Some drugs used during surgery are common causes of allergic reactions and true anaphylaxis. If you thinkan allergic reaction during or immediately after surgery, an allergist can help determine the cause.

8. Anticonvulsants. Many drugs used to treat epilepsy can cause allergic reactions, no specific enzyme deficiency caused by a person in a pharmacy. Symptoms include a rash, fever, muscle aches, and hepatitis. There is no test available for this type of reaction.

The management of side effectsDrugs

1. Avoid / remove the suspected drug. Usually when a drug is causing a reaction to an unpleasant, the drug is discontinued. This is usually all that is needed to solve the problem.

2. The treatment of allergic symptoms or allergies. If the reaction is severe, such as anaphylaxis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis, emergency treatment may be necessary.

3. Treatment test foran allergist. An allergist can be achieved will help identify drugs that caused the reaction and if there are tests that can be.

4. Determination of the need for alternative drugs or electricity. If the person still has an infection, for example, you may need another antibiotic. A doctor can determine an alternative safe medication in this case.

5. The desensitisation. In some cases only a very specific drugrequired. In most forms of true drug allergy a person may be resistant to the drug by giving very small amounts in the first instance (oral or intravenous) in increasing doses for many hours. This usually happens in a hospital, the possibility of life-threatening anaphylaxis, and should only be done under the supervision of an allergist.

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